Ethiopia

Context: Ethiopia is set to be officially confirmed as the host of COP32 in 2027, making it the first East African nation to organise a UN Climate Change Conference.

About Ethiopia:

• What it is?
  • Ethiopia is a federal republic and one of the oldest independent countries in the world, known for its rich cultural heritage and role in African unity.
  • It is the largest and most populous nation in the Horn pf Africa and headquarters of the African Union and UN Economic Commission for Africa.
• Located in: Horn of Africa, in the eastern part of the African continent.
• Capital: Addis Ababa.
• Neighbouring Nations: Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, South Sudan and Sudan
• Geological and Physical Features:

• • Topography: One of Africa’s most rugged terrains, dominated by highlands, plateaus, and deep valleys.
  • Major Highlands: Western and Eastern Highlands separated by the great rift valley which runs north to south through the country.
  • Highest Point: Mount Ras Dejen (Dashen) at 4,533 metres, the tallest peak in Ethiopia.
  • Key Rivers: Blue Nile (Abay), Tekeze, Baro, Awash, Omo, Shebele, and Genale, forming three main drainage systems.
  • Lakes and Basins: Lake Tana—the source of the Blue Nile—and numerous Rift Valley lakes like Abaya, Shala, and Ziway.
  • Geological Composition: Built mainly of Precambrian crystalline rocks, overlaid by volcanic basalt and sedimentary layers from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.

• COP upcoming summits:
  • COP 30 Host: Belém, Brazil
  • COP 31 Host: Australia (in partnership with Pacific Island nations) or Turkey not finalised.
  • COP32 Host: Ethiopia