Brazil creates new Indigenous territories

Context: Brazil, during COP30 at Belém, officially created 10 new Indigenous Territories, expanding protected areas amid ongoing protests demanding land demarcation.
About Brazil creates new Indigenous territories:
What is this decision?
- Brazil designated 10 new Indigenous Territories through a presidential decree, granting them legal protection for culture, land rights, forests, and biodiversity.
  Indigenous territories together now cover 117.4 million hectares (~13.8% of Brazil’s land area), roughly the size of Colombia.
Why was it done?

- Climate Action at COP30: Indigenous lands protect 82% of global biodiversity; demarcation reduces deforestation by up to 20% and carbon emissions by 26% by 2030.
- Violence & Land Invasion: Sharp increase in attacks by illegal miners, loggers, cattle ranchers.

Tribes/Peoples Associated with the New Territories: Mura, Tupinambá de Olivença, Pataxó, Guarani-Kaiowá, Munduruku, Pankará, and Guarani-Mbya
About Brazil:
What is Brazil?
- Brazil is the largest country in South America, the 5th largest in the world, occupying nearly half of the South American continent.
Neighbouring Nations:
- Brazil borders every South American country except Chile and Ecuador.
- Bordering countries: Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
Capital: Brasília
Major Physiographic Features:
- Amazon Lowlands:

- - World’s largest river system & most extensive virgin rainforest.
  - Dominated by terra firme forests, várzeas (floodplains), wetlands, and oxbow lakes.

- - Covers half the country; rich in minerals.
  - Includes Serra do Mar, Serra da Mantiqueira, Serra do Espinhaço.
  - Elevations up to ~2,900 m (Agulhas Negras, Bandeira Peak).

- - Shared with Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname.
  - Highest peak: Pico da Neblina (3,014 m).

Dhananand Publications LLP.